[文化] 英语大BOSS的五个“衍生品”（双语）

主页（http://www.kuwanit.com）：[文化] 英语大BOSS的五个“衍生品”（双语）

　　语言永远都在变化，而一些时候，一种语言可以衍生出另一种新的语言。拉丁语可以算是语言始祖，衍生出了意大利语，法语，西班牙语，葡萄牙语等。而近年来，南非语又从德语衍生而来。那么英语又衍生出了哪些语言呢？

　　Languages are ever changing, mixing and mutating, and sometimes they give birth to new ones. Latin is ancestor to a set of languages including Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian; more recently, Afrikaans came from Dutch. But how about English? What will it give birth to?

　　下面我们就来介绍一些由英语衍生，目前还在用着的语言。

　　Here are a few of the descendants of English currently being spoken around the world today.

　　Tok Pisin 巴布亚皮钦语

　　世界上有很多以英语为基础发展而来的克里奥尔语，它们中很多正式或非正式的存在着，其中有许多和英语非常相近的地方。在一些地方，克里奥尔语成为了主要语言，并且有着举足轻重的官方地位。

　　There are many English-based creoles in the world, and many of them exist informally and with multiple variations ranging from quite different from standard English to very close to it. In some places, the creoles are the dominant language and have gained semi-official or official status and, with it, some standardisation.

　　Pitkern 皮特肯语

　　1789年的叛乱之后，一些反叛者和一些塔希提人到了皮特凯恩岛定居。这些叛乱者来自不同的地方，包括苏格兰，英格兰，加勒比，但是他们之中有些人并没有接受过良好的教育，所以并不能完全理解塔希提人的语言。于是与世隔绝的生存环境迫使他们创造了一种属于自己的语言，皮特肯语。这种语言的源语言为英语，却又与英语不尽相同。

　　After the mutiny on the Bounty in 1789, several of the mutineers and some Tahitians settled on Pitcairn Island. The mutineers were from various places, including parts of Scotland, England and the Caribbean, but most were not well educated, and they had little language understanding in common with the Tahitians. The isolation of Pitcairn in the South Pacific made this mixture of people a natural breeding ground for a distinct language, Pitkern, recognisably descended from English but clearly not English.

　　Gullah 噶勒语（美国俚语）

　　噶勒语也叫美国俚语，是存在于美国的一种英语衍生语。这种言语最初是被最高法院大法官托马斯所发明使用，并且为很多人所传承与运用，比如美国总统奥巴马。

　　Gullah, also called Geechee, is a language of the United States; it is the native language of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas and a heritage language of Michelle Obama.

　　Sranan 斯拉南语

　　斯拉南语是一种源于英语的语言，大约有40万苏里南人在使用这种语言。它源自英语，但有许多葡萄牙语，德语，西非语中的外来词。

　　Sranan (also called Sranan Tongo), spoken by some 400,000 people in Suriname (and first language for about 130,000 of them), has an English base with vocabulary from Portuguese, Dutch, and West African languages.

　　Singlish 新加坡英语？（一种chglish的既视感）

　　新加坡政府并不总希望别人把自己的语言看作是一种“劣质英语”。

　　这种新加坡式英语和英语有一个本质性的区别。新加坡式英语是在新加坡多年英语教学体制的发展过程中逐渐形成的。虽然是英语，但是它的语法大多来自传统中文，词汇来自英语，并且会混有很多马来语等东南亚语种。

　　The government of Singapore has not always wanted people to think that Singlish is anything other than 'bad English'. But this popular language is different from English in important ways. Singlish arose in the past century from the mixing of many different language groups within an English school system. Much of its grammar is borrowed from dialects of Chinese, and while many of the words come (sometimes changed) from English, it also has Malay and Tamil influences.

　　Source: bbc

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